Abraham Is A Shining Star - 2242 Words

Final Paper--Abraham Abraham is a shining star in Bible. His original name is Abram, and God give him the new name â€Å"Abraham†, which means â€Å"father of all the nations.† God give him a lot of blessing. He is the God’s friend. His life’s journey is a path of faith so he is the father in faith. And his name appears on bible for 285 times. 1.believing God’s promises, sojourning for the whole life. Abraham is the offspring of Shem, the 10th generation of Shem. When Abraham died, Shem still was alive. So Abraham must heard some stories about God from Shem: God use flood to destroy the world, and after 4 generations after the flood, the population increased. Abraham lived in Ur of Chaldees http://dict.cn/%28used%20in%20the%20Bible%3A%20Chinese%20Union%20Version%29%20Chaldees, near Arabian Gulf http://dict.cn/Arabian%20Gulf. Because of Euphrates River http://dict.cn/Euphrates%20River, which make the earth full of food, Ur is the best place to live. Like today’s New York, Ur is very rich and a lot of people wanted to live there. All Abraham’s families were living there, but God told him: † Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you.† God asks Abraham to leave his country,Show MoreRelated Death and Regeneration in Walt Whitmans Poem, When Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloomd550 Words   |  3 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln. The Presidents death was a great shock to the poet; it overwhelmed him in a very personal way. Whitman recognized Lincolns excellence and importance. When Whitman first heard of the assassination, it was the spring of the year and the lilacs were in bloom. The poem is heavily symbolic. In this first section, Whitman introduces two of the three central symbols used in development. The poet appears in company with the Lilac blooming and the drooping star. The lilacRead MoreConfederate Flags Worth1360 Words   |  6 PagesConfederate flag, the real meaning behind it and that it is not racist. It is a national flag and no matter what people have to say about it, a national flag is a statement of pride for citizens. In 1860, a man who was against slavery by the name of Abraham Lincoln became president. When he became president this caused some southern states to seceded from the Union and form the Confederate States of America. In 1861, the American Civil War was started. 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American Workforce Free Essays

A significant part of the research work revolves around the literature search. This is responsible for providing the impetus of research on a specific topic. Considering the topic,† Changing American Workforce†, a lot of research work has taken place in subsequent years. We will write a custom essay sample on American Workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now These researches aim at analyzing the situation from different perspectives. Along with reports on the factors affecting the workplace environment, studies are also conducted on the different trends prevalent at specific points in time. The trends are observed based on market strategy and the decisions taken decades ago. For my project I have picked out certain researches and studies, which have aimed at the events which shaped today’s workforce environment. From topics ranging from job environment to educational concerns I have tried to accommodate both the extremes. Below is an overview of the plethora of researches carried on the topic. In 2005 a study was conducted by James T Bond and his team . The research was funded by Alfred Solan Foundation. The research was part of the NSE projects which conducts researches on the study of practices, policies and programs of the different employers and compares the results with that obtained during different time periods. As a whole these projects subsequently guide the teams in formulating policies for the work environment. .Researches conducted by the group focuses on the work environment in the US and the effects of the policies upon the worker community. The research was conducted upon 1,092 employers with 50 or more employees and it was observed for three main parameters viz, Prevalence, differences between small and large employers, the difference in trends from a time period of 1998 to 2005 was also studied. The conclusion came out to be that in the last seven years time period the job market has changed considerably. Providing work life assistance may have been increased but it was observed that workers being provided all the amenities and cared for by their employers. The reason which came out in the study was that in the present day scenario it is imperative to provide incentives such as these in order to attract potential employees and a good work environment would ensure the persistence of work. (Bond, 2005) Another research carried out in 2004 by Denis which has reviewed the changing trend of hiring specific subgroups of population. The report concludes that there is a shortage of skilled workers and as such the employers are bound to recruit more and more professionals among the work force. Thus there will be a dramatic decrease in the proportion of older skilled workers as time goes by and this decrease in the presence of the old skilled professional workers will impact upon the workforce in the years to come. In this case it is really important to promote technical education . Learning should be initiated from the grass root level. Schools should not only impart academic education but should adopt the teaching of technical aspects as well. Crafts should be taught and basic craftsmanship should be made part of the curriculum. It is only by investing hugely in his infrastructure related to technical subjects that a qualified workforce may be produced for the years to come. The generation that is passing through this process should engage in imparting training to the next generation, otherwise there would be an immense shortage of well trained staff for technical jobs. In a report Donald Clark has talked about the implications of changing demographics in the American workforce during the 90s, Clark has devised that in order for American economy to develop it is necessary to make collaborative actions in the form of action agenda. This included improving the curriculum, induction of special people into the main stream and the introduction of the protocol procedures for the physically handicapped, creation of more effective transition programs and emphasis on basic academic competence. The physically disabled are usually forgotten when it comes to the point of development of economy. At the present moment the true potential of special people is not being utilized. They are not considered part of the working class at the moment. This attitude needs to be changed and an air of confidence should be built around these very special citizens. With some mild adjustments, job situation or environment can be altered a bit for the physically or mentally handicapped people. . This would in the long run make the physically challenged people to develop into responsible citizens and would help them in standing on their own feet. In this way there would be no added burden of supporting these people and instead they would start contributing towards the financial situation. This situation would affect the entire social and financial setup . No longer would these people be considered an added burden by their families and this would live them the will to strive, the will to reach the heights of whatever field they enter into. This would empower the special people and would contribute in the development of American economy (Dower spike, 2004). In the book â€Å"Reshaping the American Workforce† the authors Harry J. Holzer and Demetra Nightingale Smith has expressed their concern that the job market for the workers is rapidly changing. Employers are finding it hard to retain skilled workers while the unskilled workers are finding it hard to maintain their place in the setup. This is due to the widening gulf that is developing between the two communities. This is all due to the need for a skilled workforce in today’s technological corporate world. There is a growth in the inequality in the job market. There is a growing concern over education and training. As was observed in the previous research cited before, this gap in the skilled and unskilled worker in the years to come may decide the process of recruiting suitable candidates for the jobs. Today the world is changing shape very rapidly and managing this change is of crucial value. The future belongs to the one who is technically sounder. This skill might make all the difference. The need for policies to be formulated need to be assessed so much so that the required skilled personnel are produced to keep the economy flourishing in the fast paced technological job market of today (Holzer, 2005). Bradley Jorgensen who is a consultant at Human Resources Management Consulting did a study on workforce policy architecture adapted to modern conditions. The purpose was to formulate the adoption of strategic objectives around which to build a workforce policy architecture for the times to come. This paper caters well to the development of a workforce strategy equipped for the ever changing world. It would assist in the evaluation of trends in workforce management. He has presented the idea of unification of worker under the guidance of a capable team leader (Jorgensen, 2004). A paper prepared by Chapman investigates the response of a workforce policy to the social and demographic trends. There is a growing need for transparency in the filed of global services. By transparency it is meant that the policies, terms and conditions are explained along with a strategically placed thinking process with an aim of solving the problems at the very grass root level. A quality model of workforce is being adopted to enable the employer to formulate strategy for the efficient workforce environment. The former system of management referred to as a command based system should be replaced by a quality workplace model . This necessitates the integration of command and staff structure in to the same realms. The worker and his employer should work together as a close knit team. It is no longer acceptable for an employer to stay aloof of the requirements of his workforce. With a large number of employment opportunities available, skilled workers are a very valuable asset and keeping them in an organization requires much attention to be paid on their needs and requirements. The principles highlighted are based upon his view that the projects should be organizationally focused with an emphasis on tailed learning. The manager is also responsible for training his team and to get the best out of his men. The total outcome of a service industry depends upon the skills of their leader and the teamwork they undertake (Chapman, 2003). Another research carried out at the Boston College in 2007 has concluded that almost one fourth of all US entrepreneurs have failed to plan for the effects of the aging American workforce. In spite of the fact that the US is facing a shortage of workers and within a few years time a large number of skilled workers , belonging to the baby boom era will be retired, no plans are being formulated by the companies to make up for the lost workforce. The study further goes on to state that the companies who are not appropriately planning for the loss of the work force are going to experience severe staff shortages especially in the present scenario where there is s relatively small pool of new workers and there would be cut throat competition between companies to hire the most suitable of all workers. The whole study was based upon interviews of 578 organizations across the United States. It was monitored that 37% percent of the workers had accepted strategies to reassure late-night career employers to remain past the traditional departure age, even with the fact that late-night career workers got high level of skills and powerful qualified and consumer networks, a powerful work principle, low income and are devoted and trustworthy. 60% percent of the workers recommended that hiring capable job candidate is actually a very big test. 40% percent admitted to the need of management skills in their companies, Even though only 33% percent informed that their companies made predictions about retirement rats of their employers to a moderate to a huge amount. The research recommended that employers and organizations which have not formulated their policies regarding recruiting new workers should consider the facts about the scarcity of professionals and plan accordingly. (Harminka, 2007) William H. Graves a senior president for Academic strategy at Sun Guard Higher education is of the view that all races should be regarded as equal and equal educational opportunities should be available to all in order to provide for a balanced workforce for the US market. Education should concentrate more on the practical aspects rather then focusing on the theoretical part. Education should focus on the job market, the needs of the job market need to be kept into consideration while allowing admissions into specific programs. Higher education must be made affordable and should provide a basis for innovation, economic development and overall global economy. He argues that the public revenues allocated to higher education are following an altogether different approach. Private sector is investing more in the education and as a result higher education may become expensive and would lead to cutting down in the promotion of skilled and educated professionals for the American workforce. Public revenues allocated to higher education are on a different trajectory, however reforms need to be put into place . Education should be made inexpensive and available to all. It’s high time that the legislators learn the role of technology in today’s corporate world. Making changes and formulations in the educational policy will directly affect the workforce An educated and technologically sound team of professionals is the requirement of the hour for America. For American economy to prosper it is imperative that the changes be directed internally and voluntarily keeping in view the role of technology which should be embraced as well? â€Å"This is the time for a voluntary counter reformation to take place within the higher education†. He further adds that certain organizations have felt the pulse of the situation and more should follow (Graves, 2004). An article which was published in the Career Development international journal in 2005, Ann Feyerhrm has studied the gender related gaps in today’s workforce and has observed the transition of women from a back place employee to attaining full fledged status of a fellow worker in today’s work force. Today’s women is fast paced and well oriented. She has a clear concept of a working professional career and is well versed with her status in the society. The study has specifically observed the relationship of Generation X women i. e. the women born between the 1965-80 who are now contributing towards the major female workforce within the high technology industry and their relationship with their bosses, peers, subordinates and the job environment. It was found that the Generation X women rated personal fulfillment with their professional success. They wanted their companies to support them in terms of guidance and should recognize their efforts. There was also a concern for the women to expect a kind of flexibility from their employers so that they could carry on their dual role more efficiently. This role calls for the employees to have a stock of the situation which makes it mandatory for females to have better work environment. The research was only based upon the technological sector, for it to be a broad based one all sectors of the corporate world needed to be included. The need for the women to have flexibility may have implications on the training, developmental and promotional aspects of the job environment. It was further impressed that if the companies can provide an environment to support attainment of professional success and personal fulfillment it may provide a link to longer term employment, reduced employee turnover and improve the overall performance of the corporate sector . This is due to the fact that with the evolving society women need to fulfill their domestic responsibilities as well (Feyerherm, 2005). Immigrant population has been contributing from, a sign cant time towards the American economy and is actively involved in the jobs around the US. Steven viewed that immigration policies can have a profound impact on a nation’s economy. A large number of immigrant populations can have a significant impact on the cultural, political and economic situation in the United States. The excellent development opportunities in the developed world in the last decades or so have resulted in the immigration of a large population of immigrants into the developed world . In the US almost 25 million people have immigrated since the last few decades. The illegal immigrants amount to around 400, 000 -500,000 and continues to grow with every passing year. This influx of immigrants has always been a cause of concern for the policy makers. The effect of the immigrant population on the American economy is the focal point of all the discussion on the immigration policies. The impact is huge in terms of the American workers who are less skilled. These immigrant workers tend to do the work at lower wages and so the average American is affected and faces a stiff competition as regards to the job market. The concept of globalization has breathed a new air into the business industry. It has affected almost all the nooks and corners of the business world and stocks are no exception. With greater prospects in the developing world, financers are turning their head towards the developed world for a fair deal. This has a marked effect on the economies of countries as a whole. It’s not just about a single entrepreneur using his money and directing it to a foreign land but a host of companies are setting up business around the globe (Camarota, 2005). In her book The Elephant and The Dragon, Robyn Meridith examines the giant shift that has been brought out by the rise of China and India. Jean Pierre Lehman, professor of international political economy at IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland on the issue of globalization has said, â€Å"My concern is that the US is too over dependent on China, not just for goods but also for finance. † (Robyn Meidith, 2007) These immigrant workers tend to do the work at lower wages and so the average American is affected and faces a stiff competition as regards to the job market. A lot of companies in the U. S are being bought over by the Asians and a lot of workforce from over seas is being employed through the internet. Call centers in U. S are an attractive business for foreign investors. A lot of American companies have their call centers set up in India, Pakistan or China. The reason is the low salary that is sought by the people working for these call centers. For costumers it doesn’t really matter if their tax preparer, loan processor or telephone operator works and operates from Delhi . This might result in a loss of jobs in the developed countries. This might affect jobs which are more of a flexible nature. As described the private entrepreneurs in the developed world are making a lot of money from their projects abroad. This is also due to the fact that these companies get the job done at half the price of that being asked by their competitors in the West. This has created a break neck competition in the corporate world, where there is a constant struggle going on between the developed and developing nations. Another reason behind his may be the rate of turnover that has been showed by investors in the developing countries, who are orienting themselves in a faster way then their competitors in the West. Analysts are arguing that those jobs should be sought which cannot be carried out over the wire otherwise the stakes are high. The problem also lies in the fact that the average citizen of the developed nations does not save enough and is more bent towards short term projects; they do not save enough capital to involve in larger entrepreneurial setups later, which the developing world’s entrepreneurs always do and believe in. The answer lies in saving and making a plan and proceeding from small setup to large enterprises. (Jimmy, 2007) The particularly large immigrant population is competing with the US citizens not even in job placements but in the policies of retirement benefits as well. Retirement benefits are having a huge effect on the economies of many countries. For example France is experiencing the worst problem of this sort. With more and more people getting older, due to the advancements in medicine, the number of people actually involved in jobs or taking part in the economy building process is small in comparison to the retired population. This brings us to the question of the criteria for retirement benefits for the immigrant population as well which is a cause for concern, for US legislators. Trade unions have always affected the way we do business. The corporate world has long been at the realms of the trade unions in the management of entrepreneur projects. In a study by Peter and coworkers who have studied the current situation of trade unions with respect to market economy, the organization in relation to management and the challenges faced by the unions in today’s world have been discussed at length. The concept of a trade union gives stability to the common worker and ensures that the labor laws are formulated in accordance with the needs f the workers In the present day scenario the concept of trade unions has taken a different meaning altogether . They are no longer taken as back bench stake holders, but vital elements in the effective management of any organization. Trade unions are constantly revitalizing themselves and orienting themselves with the current situation. This is bound to have a positive role on the development of overall economy . The current circumstances of trade unions are subject to extensive debate. Carol Twigg has observed that there is a growing trend among workers to change their job employment. The workers are no longer weary of trying outing better job prospects and do not consider losing a present position as a risky policy. They view their growth as inclining if they keep on shifting their jobs and opt for better job environment. The constant surge of the look out for new jobs has been due to less importance bang given to the extra benefits that may be preferred. Keeping a person on mere salary is no longer acceptable and workers demand to have a better job environment with the chances of having a more facilitated lifestyle. The workers view that if they keep on changing jobs, this may provide them with more chances to succeed rather than stagnating at a single place and waiting for their turn to be promoted to the next level. A large number of workers agree that an employer is more attractive when it helps them meet family obligations through options like flexible timing, job sharing or telecommuting (Twigg, 1994). Changes in the family pattern, affect the economy as much as any other shift, in her article Arvone has commented on the concept of family life and the way that it is affecting the US economic market. The new realities of family life have affected the economics sphere as much as it has affected any other aspect of the business industry. Public policies have had a huge impact. In today’s corporate world the time and energy required for child bearing and rearing plus the importance of intimate relationships have grown concerns about the changing work environments. Workers now need more flexibility then ever to juggle between professional commitments and the commitment to their families. Child rearing is no longer the job due only for the mother. In present day scenario, both partners have to contribute in all the spheres for a family life to be successful. Employers should formulate better working policies and as such this might result in attracting a large number of potential workers and add them up in the job environment. This is to be a cause of concern and pivotal point for formulating new strategies in the economic world (Fraser, 1989). Studying the changes and especially the change that will take place in the labor industry by 2014, researchers argue that the number of potential job seekers would increase. In the middle of 1994-2004 the labor force grew by 14. 4 million, so it is projected that the workers may increase in the same manner and by 20014 the supply of workers is expected to reach 162. 3 million. The change will be in the diversification of the workforce, it will be more racially split and more women would be taking up jobs so the gender gap would narrow down as well. Along with that an older population may also contribute towards the workforce. The constant shift in the workers creates a vacancy in the job market. Jobs predicted to decline may show an increase in the vacancies. There would be shift in job placement from employment growth to replacement needs due to the changing attitude of the job world and more reliance on technology. Workforce by 2014, would be required to be more educated and diversified . It is expected that the requirement of bachelor holder’s would increase and probably so the lower skilled group as well. In the middle of 2004 and 20014, 35. 7 percent of the new positions that appear are likely to have a requirement of a professional college degree or even higher, 27. 7% percent are predictable to have a requirement a High School Diploma or less. On the other hand since the jobs requirement of less education or degree will have a much higher revenue rate than those which require a higher education degree, many more jobs positions are going to be available in that area (24. 5 Million) than in the area where a high level of professional degree is required that is (16 Million). In the time 2004 to 2014 the economy will keep on providing jobs for candidates in all the groups. â€Å"The trend for workers to work has expanded to new horizons, in yester years it was the salary that matters the most, but today the workers may list other reasons for working. Working to gain experience , learning new skills and benefits such as health insurance , flexible working schedules , retirement provisions have cropped up as the ways that necessitate the present day worker to join the job market† . This has been expressed by Fred Wish in one of his articles reviewing the concept of fringe benefits. The concept of fringe benefits dates back to the World War 2 when in the face of federal wage controls to curb inflation, employees began to offer benefits to attract potential employees. After some time this concept of fringe benefits became an expected and valuable part of a complete employment plan. The new workforce is on the look out for these benefits besides the normal salary that is being offered. This is explained further in this study. Fringe benefits are like the bonuses that employees used to get in the yester years. These small tokens or bonuses, act as supplements for the worker and his family. These small tokens may make all the difference between acceptable and unacceptable work environment. The hike in the medical expenditures has made these incentives really attractive for the employee. The project of life insurance has enabled workers to work with a peace of mind. They know that their families may be able to make their ends meet and can live an independent lives in case of any accident as such. This provides the element of security to a job environment and acts as a morale boosting measure. These programs can a have repercussions. Almost a third of average worker’s total compensation is dependent upon these benefits. If these programs are not planned properly then they might lead to disastrous consequences. The result may have a down trough in the economic graph. This situation should be taken as an eye opener for the people involved in policy making and appropriate steps should be formulated to combat this problem. Old age benefit schemes shouldn’t be abandoned altogether but more emphasis should be paid on appropriate investment opportunities to enable the Government to generate enough funds for the average citizen. The large unemployment rates especially in 2004, when the unemployment rate was 6. 4 % and the health costs, which have risen in the passing years. In 2004 the national health expenditure rose to 7. 9 % which is almost three times the rate of inflation. These warrant changes, which have been negotiated, based upon a concern for the growing inflation and the risks involved. This economic condition has forced employers to institute changes as increasing medical premiums and eliminating no essential benefits. At the end of the day, all employers may face the challenge of juggling economic viability with policies aimed at the betterment of the lives of their workers (Fred, 2003). The changing trends of education in the American workforce have necessitated changes. Today more and more women are joining the workforce. May of the married women is in the work force now, which is contrary to the practice in yester years. As there is a growing demand of more educated workforce, more and more women who had abandoned their educations before, are coming back to high schools. This has placed an immense burden on he infrastructure. Women in the workforce have also reached record numbers some years ago these students were referred to as the new majority in post secondary education. This influx first appeared at a time when America was absorbing the results of a post war baby boom. The American force at the moment is pretty much educated. The average American worker receives almost 12 years of education on an average which is greater than that had decades ago when the average education was 10 years. This increase in the higher education standards have resulted from the requirement of technologically more educated and sound workforce. Job and career are the major reasons for this increase in the educational objectives. These figures are only an indication of the huge change that is occurring in the society. The gap between the American higher education and high school is narrowing. The requirement is to formulate policies to boost up this trend and planning must be initiated to respond to the challenges of new technologies, information to enable a resurgence of American economy. These goals inspired and modified American education. About 54% percent of all the adult education courses are in two and four year foundations and in trade and vocational institutes. All the else courses are offered by industry and business, community agencies, labor groups, government and in other non-institute settings. (NAV. 1984) The concept of work ethics is playing a huge role in shaping the American workplace environment. Work ethics has brought the subject of ethics into the phase of consolidation with in the changing work environment. In the book by Herbert, â€Å"American workforce ethics†: the author has expressed his views that the ethical values need to be studied right from their ancient roots to the present day scenario. The project has changed from era to era varying with the time, environment, conditions, gender and occupations. The book on a whole provides the changes which took place from one era to era. Taking the story from the time periods where humans were emaciated as slaves, to the times of Abraham Lincoln and the present day corporate world, the author has taken his time to briefly explain the reasons causing the rift and changes in the continual diversification of the American workplace environment. Taking the expressed in the book we may say that the liberation of slaves and the process of inducting the African Americans into main stream politics and to regard women as capable of leading states and honoring them with the tight respect that they deserve is taking the new world into the right direction . With economic viability nations can prosper under the impression that no man is above law and the universal law of brotherhood, peace and harmony is applicable to all irrespective of caste, creed, religion, color or race. Expressing a thought by Adam Clayton who has said that unless man is committed to the belief that all mankind are his brothers, and then he labors in vain and hypocritically in the vineyards of equality, this very thinking reflects the manner which should be adopted as a constitutional reform. It might have been regarded as futuristic to think that the coming generations will mingle among all the inhabitants of the world to foster a more fraternal and smooth relationship throughout the world community, but this is not just a far fetched dream but a reality that is very much knocking on the doorsteps and there is only a need for the developed world to answer the calls of the underdeveloped nations help in their rebuilding processes and make them able to come out of their long loom. This might help create a world which is free from discrimination and where ideals can prosper according to the healthy principles of self containment. One hopes that this revolution which has sparked and ignited a flame through the certain parts of the world may sweep across the world and rid us of the menaces of ignorance, racism, subjugation and create a society where everybody is regarded as one and members of the planet that we call home, as Robert Ingeresoll has been very aptly quoted as saying, â€Å"The true civilization is where every man gives to every other right that he claims for himself. † Thus ethics has been considered as a pivotal role in the driving of workforce environment. Changing times demand a changing ethics and values. These values should be based on a commitment to excel and provide s stabilized work environment the current thinking should be taken into consideration while formulating any work ethic policy. Companies and organizations should adopt and follow a code of conduct developed and devised by a central regulatory committee discerning the laws of the workplace (Herbert, 1998) Gary G Matuason in examining the changing trends at the strategic initiatives has said that there are four strategic initiatives involving the workforce. The emergence of corporate diversity is an organizational necessity. There is a dearth of skilled worker which mandates for the production of a skilled and educated work force, the issue of globalization and the increasing need for legal compliance and ethical standards which need to be applied at the very heart of a work place environment (Litler, 2004). Taking a cursory look over all of these researches presented, a few points come up and should form the basis of the dilemma that is affecting the present day work environment. : Workforce trends are a constantly changing phenomenon which is based upon world environment, workplace practices and employee reactions. The relationship between an employee and the employer has drastically changed over the years; the employer is dependent more than ever on his employee to maintain his status in the business world. Skilled employee is an asset to his workforce. Employers are constantly on the look out to formulate better policies to enable them to recruit workers on a long term basis. The concept of a stable workplace for the employee is no longer restricted to the mere handing down of a fixed salary but rather involves other benefits in the form of flexibility, health insurance and annual leaves for the worker. Today’s worker is more family oriented. With the hordes of women joining the workforce companies are compelled more than ever to offer flexible options to enable the female workforce to give a positive response. Education has been singled out as one of the most crucial points when it comes to the development of any industry. An educated worker is what the present and the future industry requires. The growing trend of our reliance on technology has made it necessary for the average worker to be well acquainted or at least be familiar with the modern technology. There is a growing concern that there might be a shortage of skilled workers in the years to come and the large immigrant population has created problems for the common unskilled worker. The immigrant population accepts lower salaries and is competing with US citizens for unskilled positions. Globalization has undermined the efforts of the skilled worker. The concept of a global village has resulted in the hiring of professionals from abroad, which operate from their native countries and get the job done through the internet. This might create problems for the unemployed US work force. These and several other factors need to be dealt with in order to clearly understand the results and repercussions of the decisions taken in the past and to formulate a successful policy for the future. It is only through the way of understanding the problems that we can come to an acceptable solution. References Ann Feyerherm, Yvonne H. Vick, Generation X women in high technology: Overcoming gender and generational challenges to succeed in the corporate environment, Journal Career Development International, 2005 Pages: 216 – 227, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Arvonne S. Fraser, The Changing American Family, 1989 http://www. context. org/ICLIB/IC21/Fraser. htm Accessed August 12, 2007 Bradley Jorgensen, Attract, retains and innovates: workforce policy architecture adapted to modern conditions, 2004 http://xtra. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do? contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkhtmlcontented Accessed August 12, 2007 Chapman, Changing dimensions, 2004 http://eaq. sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/36/2/283 Accessed August 12, 2007 Carol A. Twigg, the Changing Definition of Learning, 1994 www. eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail? accno=EJ486828 Accessed August 12, 2007 Carol Twigg, Changing Landscape of the American Workforce, 2003 www. educause. edu/ir/library/pdf/nli0405. pdf Accessed August 12, 2007 Continuing education and the American workforce – report of the National Advisory Council on Continuing Education American Education, April, 1984 http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail? accno=EJ303819 Accessed August 12, 2007 Dennis Doverspike, Mary Anne Taylor, Kenneth S. Shultz, Patrick F. McKay; Responding to the Challenge of a Changing Workforce: Recruiting Nontraditional Demographic Groups, 2004 http://unpan1. un. org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN021816. pdf Accessed August 12, 2007 Fred Wish, Trends in Employee Benefits –Beyond the fringe, benefits plans for today’s workforce, 2003 http://careers. stateuniversity. com/pages/850/Trends-in-Employee-Benefits. html Accessed August 12, 2007 Herbert Applebaum, The American Work Ethic and the Changing Work Force An Historical Perspective, 1998, Greenwood Press Harry J. Holzer and Demetra Nightingale Smith, Reshaping the American Workforce in a Changing Economy, 2005, Urban Institute Press. 2005 Harminka, US business companies not responding to changing demographics, 2007, http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1365/is_n12_v23/ai_13220969 Accessed August 12, 2007 James T Bond, The National Study of Employers, 2005, http://familiesandwork. org/site/research/reports/2005nse. pdf Accessed August 12, 2007 Jermy Siegel, Green back mountain, pg 2007, Time magazine issue July 30, The Oxford Guide to the United States Government, Oxford University Press, 2002 (pg. 490-550) Litler, Strategic Initiatives for the Changing Workforce April 2004, http://www. provost. uiuc. edu/resources/sao/SAO-Wheeler-2006. ppt Accessed August 12, 2007 Robyn Meidith, pg 150, 2007), The Elephant and The Dragon, pg 150, 2007, W. W. Norton publishers, 1st Edition, 2007 Steven A. Camarota, the Impact of Immigration on the American Workforce, 2005 http://www. cis. org/articles/2005/sactestimony111605. html Accessed August 12, 2007 The American Workforce: 2004–14 – Projected changes in labor force participation http://careers. stateuniversity. com/pages/838/American-Workforce-2004-14. html Accessed August 12, 2007 William H. Graves, voluntary Counter-Reformation: Stepping Up to the Challenge, 2005 http://www. educause. edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0741. pdf Accessed August 12, 2007 How to cite American Workforce, Papers American workforce Free Essays The American workforce is becoming diversified than ever.   The issue on workplace discrimination has been around since time immemorial. Discrimination is part of the process of three components, the cognitive, affective and behavioral. We will write a custom essay sample on American workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now The behavioral component means the tendency to take negative actions against a particular group. The behavior stems form attitudes and feelings which constitute prejudice. Although prejudice is generally negative it is not as damaging as discrimination. The behavior component makes it possible to make the thoughts become real. Research has found that discrimination in any form is detrimental to the well being of the discriminated individual (Mathis Jackson, 2004). The workplace is the place in which the employee comes to work on his tasks and to carry out his profession. If the workplace is non-discriminatory, the employee is more likely to work effectively and efficiently and to increase productivity and performance as well. The most common methods employed by organizations to ensure that their work environment is non-discriminatory are to conduct sensitivity trainings, to provide provisions for grievances and complaints of discriminatory behavior and to follow non-discriminatory guidelines in terms of hiring, selection and promotions. Sensitivity trainings are common in most organizations especially if the company is culturally diverse as well as sexual orientation, disability and religion. The advantages of using sensitivity trainings to make employees become aware of the prejudices and discrimination they may have for other people and teaches the employees how to change their thoughts about minority groups in an experiential manner. It also communicates to each employee that an individual is a person in his/her own right and should be respected as such, and not be accorded respect based on one’s race, religion or sex. The disadvantage in using this method is that if  employees do not have a positive attitude towards the training then this would surely limit their capacity to learn from the sessions. Moreover, sensitivity trainings are periodically given and is not reinforced thus limiting its effectiveness. The provisions for grievances and complaints communicate to the employees that discrimination will not be tolerated by the management. It is effective as a control mechanism to lessen discrimination in the workplace and make the employees become cautious of their behavior. This method does not really ensure that the workplace would be discrimination free since it does not teach the employees why discrimination is wrong. It only holds people accountable for their actions, although it gives the employees who belong to the minority group comfort. Besides, discrimination may come in subtle forms and not even many employees who are victims of discrimination will file a complaint for fear of repercussions in terms of inter-office politics. Hiring, selection and promotion of employees based on merit and performance is a non-discriminatory principle to ensure that people become part of the organization based on criteria that can be achieved by most people. The difficulty with this measure is that although it is an objective measure, subjectivity is still present. It is common knowledge that when it comes to promotions and even selecting candidates for the job a certain amount of subjectivity that cannot be monitored by a guideline. It also does not consider that mangers may have their own prejudices which may dictate their decisions on hiring and promotion. References Bohlander, G. Snell, S. (2003). Managing Human Resources 13th ed., South-Western College Publication Fitzenz, J. (2001). How to Measure Human Resource Management 3rd. ed , New York; McGraw-Hill Mathis, R. Jackson, J. (2004). Human Resource Management 11th ed., South-Western College Publication    How to cite American workforce, Essay examples

Attitudes Towards Jewish Migration to Australia in the 1930s free essay sample

Describe and account for attitudes towards Jewish migration to Australia in the 1930s (distinguishing between political and public attitudes). Did Australian policy towards Jewish refugees change significantly during and after war from what had prevailed in the 1930s? How would you explain the policy continuity or change? Throughout the 20th Century, the policy adopted by Australia towards Jewish migration can best be described as one of restriction and limitation. Australian political and public attitudes during the 1930s were influenced by fears of the Jewish community’s inability to assimilate into Australian culture, the threat that they may have posed on job security and standards of living as well as the potential for their arrival to stimulate extreme anti-Semitism problems within Australia. The outbreak of war and the publication of Jewish persecution in Europe did little to alter the feelings of insecurity towards Jewish communities in Australia. While there were some attempts to increase the arrival of Jewish people after World War II, the sentiment of the majority of the Australian population remained unchanged and restrictions on immigration were still enforced. We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes Towards Jewish Migration to Australia in the 1930s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This theme of underlying racial prejudice continued to shape Australian policy throughout this entire period. During the 1930s, it is evident that the Coalition Government, comprised of the United Australia Party and Australian Country Party, made attempts to restrict the immigration of Jews into the country. First and foremost, the recent Australian struggle through the Depression meant that the Government was intent on protecting the job security and living standards of the Australian populace. The migration of any foreign immigrants was therefore unpopular due to the threats it placed on the Australian worker. This policy became an excuse for limiting the number of Jewish refugees accepted into Australia and resulted in an increase of the amount of landing money required to five hundred pounds for alien immigrants. This requirement was difficult for the majority of Jewish refugees to satisfy, making their entry into Australia virtually impossible. This policy remained in place until 1936 when the amount required was reduced to two hundred pounds or fifty pounds with a guarantor. Due to the poor economic conditions that had been experienced in Australia throughout the 1930s, the Government was reluctant to increase Jewish migration when so many of the migrants were impoverished, meaning that they would place a further strain on the Australian economy. The Government was also reluctant to permit the entry of a significant number of Jewish refugees due to the belief of their inability to assimilate into Australian society compared with some other cultures. The Government believed that the Jews were a separate race due to their distinctly different religious beliefs and customs and that this would significantly inhibit their assimilation into the Australian population. Australia’s political attitude towards Jewish migration was made clear at the Evian Conference, a meeting for the discussion of Jewish refugees, in June 1938. Australia realised the importance of attending the meeting so as not to gain a bad reputation, however the outcome showed that the Government was unwilling to increase the number of Jewish immigrants into the country. At this international meeting, the Australian representative Colonel T. W. White stressed the idea that Australia did not suffer from internal racial problems and its desire to maintain these peaceful conditions meant that allowing ‘undesirable’ migrants into the country was not an option. Colonel White also made it clear that the Australian Government felt that as a young nation, the importance of maintaining a strong connection with its Anglo-Saxon roots was vital for the growth of the Australian population. At the conference, the nations present most often put forward the case that they had already done what they felt was enough in response to the refugee crisis without undermining the standards of living within their own countries. It was felt however, that due to the vast amounts of free space and low population compared to some other nations, Australia should take a greater role in accepting refugees as the economy would not be as degraded and these refugees had the potential to provide workers needed in primary and secondary industries. Despite the prevalence of this resistance to Jewish migration, it is evident that there was at least one politician who pushed for the Australian Government to accept more refugees. Stanley Bruce, a former Australian Prime Minister who moved to London and became the Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom was well known on an international platform due to his appearance at numerous world conferences and meetings as an Australian representative. He pressed for Australia to take a more humanitarian approach to the issue of refugee migration, especially after the Kristallnacht in Germany and Austria in November 1938. He appealed for the Government to increase its quota to 0,000 refugees over a three year period, thereby doubling the 15,000 quota suggested by the Australian Government. With a large increase in the number of applications being made to Australia House for entry into Australia after the Kristallnacht, this number seemed reasonable to Bruce. Instead it was decided in December of 1938 that Australia would accept 15,000 refugees over three years. In comparison with the number of refugees that had been accepted over the past five years, this was a significant increase, however not enough to satisfy the humanitarian plight of Bruce. It is also evident that this quota was never reached as the outbreak of war in 1939 saw the termination of immigration and by this time only 7-8,000 refugees had been accepted into the country. While the Government was developing its policy regarding migration during the 1930s, politicians were under a significant amount of pressure from the Australian public to limit the growth of the Jewish population in Australia. Interestingly, this sentiment was felt from groups in both non-Jewish and Jewish communities in Australia. The Australian Jewish community were opposed to the large influx of Eastern European Jews due to the difference in language spoken which they felt would make it difficult for them to assimilate easily into Australian society with the help of the already established Jewish community. Another fear was that due to the impoverished state of the Jewish refugees, the Australian Jewish community would be burdened by the arrival of the poor refugees and thus their status within society would be diminished. It was also hard to convince the majority of the Australian populace of the benefits of a large migrant intake. It is evident that many Australians felt that the Jewish population would undermine the standards of living as well as pose threats to the security of their jobs, a prominent issue after the hardship of the Depression. There was belief that the Jews were far too distinguishable from the normal ‘Australian way of life’ through the way they dressed, their general behaviour and their religious customs. This sentiment was particularly strong amongst religious groups within Australia. For example a particular Anglican group felt that the Jewish community should not be welcomed on a large scale as their beliefs would challenge the traditional Christian teachings of many Australians. It was also feared that the establishment of a larger Jewish community in Australia may lead to the development of a strong anti-Semitic . movement within Australia. The Australian community was aware of the problems this had created in other nations and was fearful that the same problem would face Australians. Therefore, the preference of the public was for the migration of smaller numbers of Jews, as it was felt they could be more easily assimilated into Australian culture this way. The public resistance to migration was further evinced by the fact that members of the public made requests to the Government to create specific application requirements and toughen selection procedures in order to restrict the numbers of migrants who were able to meet these requirements. Throughout this period Australians were unaware of the atrocities that were to follow during the war period and so their priorities lay with the protection of the economy, maintaining standards of living and ensuring peaceful relations between members of society. Despite this widespread public sentiment, there was some pressure from the media to increase Jewish migration for humanitarian reasons. The Sydney Morning Herald and the West Australian both stressed the need to make a larger contribution to the refugee problem and expressed that Australia was in fact not doing enough to assist the refugees. It is also evident that within some professions, there was encouragement of refugee migration, for example some architects in New South Wales welcomed the arrival of Jewish migrants with an architectural background as they had the potential to bring with them new ideas and thus add to the cultural identity of Australia. However, such opinions were in the minority and there is increasing evidence that the majority of Australians, along with their political counterparts, were sceptical of the Jewish arrival and wished for only particular migrants to be allowed into the country that were non-intrusive and therefore able to assimilate easily. While Jewish migrants that entered Australia during the 1930s did their best to quickly assimilate into Australian society, the outbreak of war in 1939 prevented this from occurring as once more Jewish migrants were seen as aliens who threatened the security of Australia. Throughout the first few months of the war, newspapers around Australia detailed some of the atrocities occurring in Europe against the Jewish population. However by 1940 the large publication of this murderous activity had declined significantly. While the papers still published stories about the treatment of Jews in Europe, the Australian public was largely unaware of the extent of the persecution. With the world at war, Australians were fearful of people who had previous ties with Germany and the Nazis and therefore refugees were termed ‘enemy aliens’. In Britain this led to harsh internment policies of these potential spies, however in Australia the internment policy was more relaxed. It is evident however that even if the refugees were not interned during the war period they were often treated with hostility by other Australians. Jewish communities in Australia also had to deal with frequent police checks and restraints on their freedoms, such as the ability to own a radio. There is evidence to suggest that post-war attitudes to Jewish persons in Australia in many respects mirrored those of the pre-war years. After the direct attack on the Australian mainland during the second half of World War II, Australian Government policy was directed towards increasing the population so as not to leave the vast unoccupied lands in Northern Australia unprotected. For the first time, Australia began to look further than Britain for prospective migrants, although it is apparent that regardless of this, Jewish migration was still looked upon unfavourably. After World War II, both of the major political parties shared a similar view in relation to Jewish migration; that the emphasis should be placed on the arrival of British migrations in preference to any others. The newly appointed Minister for Immigration, Arthur Calwell’s policy in the early post-war years implied a restriction on Jewish migration. While he had introduced a family reunion scheme in which 2,000 survivors of the Holocaust could be united with family in Australia, this only lasted for a period of twelve months, after which time limitations on Jewish migration were increased. One such example was the limitation of the number of Jewish migrants per ship arriving in Australia to 25% of the total number of people travelling on the ship. The Liberal party policy under the Opposition leader Robert Menzies followed along the same lines as the pre-war policy in that Jewish migration should be kept at a minimum due to the potential for extreme anti-Semitism to develop in Australia and the impact that the migrants may have on Australian standards of living. Under the direction of Calwell, migrants were accepted through the Displaced Persons Scheme. Under this scheme there were 34,890 arrivals into Australia in 1946, of which only 187 were Jews. Of these 187 Jewish arrivals, only 156 were permanent migrants. This is an incredibly low number given the large number of Jewish people that would have been seeking respite after the end of the Holocaust in Europe. A statement regarding the migrant intake in 1946 by Calwell expressed his feelings that the Australian Government had done all that it could at the present time to assist with the post-war refugee problem. He also expressed that the Government was only able to accept refugees that already had family living in Australia with whom they could settle with due to the housing shortage being experienced at the time. The post war attitude of the Australian public towards Jewish migration attitude was also reminiscent of the 1930s period. Australians had developed a fear of foreigners after their close encounter with the Japanese during the second half of World War II. This insecurity led them to believe that Jewish migrants would smuggle opium into the country. The Jews were also criticised for their preference to establish communities within the city as opposed to rural areas where Australians thought migrants would make a more significant contribution to the development of the nation. There were numerous newspapers and magazines which circulated negative opinions towards the post-war migration of Jewish persons to Australia. For example an excerpt from the Bulletin in August 1946 detailed the feelings of many Australians at this time that Jewish migrants should be some of the last ethnic groups considered due to the tendency for them to form ghettoes and compete with Australians for jobs. One public attitude that did change was that of the Australian Jewish community. Instead of looking towards the Jewish refugees as a threat to their social status, after the horrors of the Holocaust, many people were keen to provide as much assistance as possible to the survivors. Therefore the Australian Jewish community were supportive of the Government’s family reunion programme and the seemingly humanitarian plight of Arthur Calwell at this time. Under increasing pressure from the public and other members of Government, Arthur Calwell’s humanitarian position on Jewish migration was changed to restrict Jewish immigration. From 1947 onwards the refugee immigration program ceased to exist and so the ability to migrate to Australia was determined by the suitability of the person for employment in Australia. This change in policy made it increasingly difficult for Jewish people to migrate to Australia as Peter Witting found when he and his family applied to leave Shanghai for Australia in 1947. It is also evident that the Australian Government made false claims that acceptance decisions were made without racial prejudice when the selection committee of the International Refugee Organisation in Australia were secretly told to select only migrants of Baltic background, thereby excluding Jews once again. Overall, it can be seen that Australia’s attitudes towards Jewish migration followed a similar pattern from the 1930s through to the immediate post-war years. The underlying feelings of Australians throughout this period were of anxiety, apprehension and hostility which ultimately impacted on the attitude of Australia towards migrants. The restrictions placed on migration in the 1930s via the quota system and high landing permit costs through to the opinions displayed at the Evian Conference portrayed an image that suggested an Australian fear of Jewish people. These feelings were motivated by the fear of the rise of anti-Semitism in Australia and threats to the security of Australian jobs and standard of living that the public and government believed Jewish migration would pose. These tensions remained during the war when the Government placed restrictions on the freedoms of Jewish people, who were considered a threat to the security of Australia. During the post-war period, despite the fact that there was some effort to increase the numbers of Jewish people entering Australia through Government policy and the support of the Jewish Welfare Society in Australia, the Australian public remained sceptical of the arrivals and the effects they would have on society. The further restrictions placed on Jewish migration after 1946 indicates that minimal changes to political and public opinion were evident over time and that racial prejudice against Jewish migrants still existed after the events of World War II.

Tunisia Cement Market free essay sample

Country Overview Tunisia, a country of 10 million people is bound by the Mediterranean Sea to its North and East, Libya to its South and Algeria to its West. Most of its population is concentrated in and around Tunis and towards the Eastern part of the country. Tunisia attained independence from France in 1956 and currently has a rightist government headed by General Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. Tunisias economy, traditionally based on agriculture, has diversified into mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors.Tunisias manufacturing industries (located primarily in Tunis) include textile factories, steelworks, leather, food processing, paper, wood products, and construction materials. Tourism is also an important economic activity. Petroleum, phosphates, textiles, and olive oil are the countrys leading exports. Its imports, which exceed exports, are headed by machinery, metal products, chemicals, food (particularly cereals), and transportation equipment. France and other European Union countries, as well as North African countries, are the main trade partners. We will write a custom essay sample on Tunisia Cement Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country discovered deposits of oil and natural gas in 1964. Tunisia also has large phosphate reserves and iron ore is found in small quantity. Zinc, lead, and salt are also mined. With increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt, real growth has averaged 5. 4% in the last five years. Tunisia recorded a record growth of 6. 3% in 2007, however, this has fallen in 2008 to 5% and is expected to fall further in 2009, before improving from 2010. 2. Demand Present Demand Tunisia consumed 5. 92 mio t of cement in 2008. Cement demand in Tunisia is concentrated in the Eastern part of the country with Tunis being the largest consumption center, accounting for roughly 27% of the demand. Between 1999 and 2008, cement consumption has showed an average growth of 3. 3% pa. The primary driver for cement consumption has been residential housing construction, though of late, non-residential buildings and non-building construction have also grown considerably. The growth in housing construction is a result of growing urbanisation, wherein more than 60% of the population is urban and is expected to be 70% by the year 2020.However, cement consumption has also been constrained by the non availability of cement from time to time. This has mainly been a result of the domestic price control exercised by the Government, due to which plants have found exports more attractive than domestic sales. All new capacities sanctioned by the government are now subject to the condition that at least 70% of the output would be sold in the local market. Estimated Regional Distribution Future Demand Cement demand has been separately estimated for normal construction demand and the demand from mega projects.Total demand including mega projects is expected to grow at a higher CAGR of ~ 6% in the next 10 years. 3. Market Characteristics CEM II is the most popular cement and accounts for around 54% of the sales. CEM I constitutes around 41%. These two types of cement thus comprise 95% of the cement sold in the market. The balance is Sulphate Resistant Cement (HRS). Source: Holtec Analysis Product Types in Tunisia Approximately 85% of the cement is in bagged form. However, the share of bulk cement is gradually growing and is expected to be higher in the coming years.Wholesalers are the largest customer segment, comprising almost 66% of the total. RMC plants and concrete product manufacturers are a distant second at 14%. Exports make up the balance. Production and sales of cement is high in summer but drops sharply in winter due to the cold weather. Another lull in construction occurs during the Ramadan month. The ex factory sale prices for bagged CEM I and CEM II are TD 75/ t and TD 70/ t respectively. Prices are the same throughout the country and are fixed by the Government. The build-up to retail price for bagged cement sold through distributors is shown below.

Definition of Deliberative Rhetoric

Definition of Deliberative Rhetoric Deliberative rhetoric (from the Greek- rhetor: orator,  tekhne: art), also known as  legislative rhetoric  or  deliberative discourse,  is  speech or writing that attempts to persuade  an audience to take- or not take- some action.  According to Aristotle, the  deliberative  is  one of the three major branches of  rhetoric. (The other two branches are judicial  and epideictic.)   Whereas judicial  (or forensic) rhetoric is primarily concerned with past events, deliberative discourse, says Aristotle, always advises about things to come. Political oratory and debate fall under the category of deliberative rhetoric.​ Deliberative Rhetoric Deliberative rhetoric, says A.O. Rorty, is directed to those who must decide on a course of action (members of the assembly, for instance), and is typically concerned with what will turn out to be useful (sumpheron) or harmful (blaberon) as means to achieve specific ends  in matters of defense, war and peace, trade, and legislation (The Directions of Aristotles Rhetoric in  Aristotle: Politics, Rhetoric and Aesthetics,  1999). Use of Deliberative Rhetoric    ArgumentArtistic Proofs and Inartistic ProofsThe Art of PersuasionExhortation Aristotle on Deliberative Rhetoric    [In Aristotles Rhetoric,] the deliberative rhetor must exhort or persuade his audience, his speech is addressed to a judge of the future, and its end is to promote the good and avoid the harmful. Deliberative rhetoric concerns contingencies within human control. The deliberative orator addresses topics such as war and peace, national defense, trade, and legislation, in order to assess what is harmful and beneficial. Accordingly, he must grasp the relationships between various means and the ends of experience and happiness. (Ruth CA Higgins, The Empty Eloquence of Fools: Rhetoric in Classical Greece. Rediscovering Rhetoric: Law, Language, and the Practice of Persuasion, ed. by Justin T. Gleeson and Ruth Higgins. Federation Press, 2008)     Deliberative rhetoric is  concerned with future events; its action is exhortation or dissuasion...Deliberative rhetoric is about expediency, that is, it is concerned with the means to happiness rather than with what happiness actually is; the special topics which inform debate about this represent what can be described as the Good, with what brings happiness.  (Jennifer Richards, Rhetoric. Routledge, 2008)   Deliberative Argument as Performance A good deliberative argument is a carefully timed performance. Unlike a work of exposition, which allows, indeed often invites, the reader to pause and study some part of it at his leisure, a deliberative argument gives the illusion of a controlled, generally increasing momentum, and its effect can be ruined by an interruption. The speaker uses every possible means to jog our attention- exclamations, apostrophes, questions, gestures- and to spur us ever forward, not only with series of tapered expressions but also by means of stimulating suspensions...Our speakers purpose is not so much to induce or enable us to remember the parts of his argument as to inspire us to cast a favorable vote when hands are to be counted: movere  [to move] rather than docere [to teach]. (Huntington Brown, Prose Styles: Five Primary Types. University  of Minnesota Press, 1966) The Primary Appeals of Deliberative Discourse All deliberative discourses are concerned with what we should choose or what we should avoid...Are there some common denominators among the appeals that we use when we are engaged in exhorting someone to do or not to do something, to accept or to reject a particular view of things? There are indeed. When we are trying to persuade people to do something, we try to show them that what we want them to do is either good or advantageous. All of our appeals in this kind of discourse  can be reduced to these two heads: (1) the worthy (dignitas) or the good (bonum) and (2) the advantageous or expedient or useful (utilitas)... Whether we lean heaviest on the topic of the worthy or the topic of the advantageous will depend largely on two considerations: (1) the nature of our subject, (2) the nature of our audience. It should be obvious that some things are intrinsically more worthy than others.(Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 1999) Pronunciation: di-LIB-er-a-tiv

How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt

How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt Rock salt or halite is a mineral the contains sodium chloride (table salt) as well as other minerals and impurities. You can remove most of these contaminants using two simple purification techniques: filtration and evaporation. Materials Rock saltWaterSpatulaFilter paperFunnelEvaporating dishBeaker  or graduated cylinderTripodBunsen burner Filtration If the rock salt is one large chunk, grind it into a powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.Add 30-50 milliliters of water to 6 heaping spatula scoops of rock salt.Stir to dissolve the salt.Place the filter paper in the mouth of the funnel.Place the evaporating dish under the funnel to collect the liquid.Slowly pour the rock salt solution into the funnel. Make sure you dont over-fill the funnel. You dont want the liquid to flow around the top of the filter paper because then it isnt getting filtered.Save the liquid (filtrate) that comes through the filter. Many of the mineral contaminants did not dissolve in the water and were left behind on the filter paper. Evaporation Place the evaporating dish containing the filtrate on the tripod.Position the Bunsen burner under the tripod.Slowly and carefully heat the evaporating dish. If you apply too much heat, you could break the dish.Gently heat the filtrate until all the water is gone. Its okay if the salt crystals hiss and move a little.Turn off the burner and collect your salt. Although some impurities remain in the materials, many of them were removed simply by using the difference in solubility in water, mechanical filtration, and by applying heat to drive off volatile compounds. Crystallization If you want to further purify the salt, you can dissolve your product in hot water and crystallize the sodium chloride from it.

Management Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Paper - Assignment Example In the week four paper I identified several strategies that Auxilium Pharmaceutical could pursue. The purpose of this paper is to prepare an implementation plan for the company. A complete financial breakdown of the budget to implement the plan by segment is illustrated in Appendix A. The company must build up the image of the company and reinforce its brand value across the domestic United States marketplace. The company needs the doctors to recognize the firm’s brands as one of the best alternatives to treat Dupuytren’s contracture and hypogonadism. The company must hire a temporary workforce of pharmaceutical sales representatives for a period of six months. Each state will be allocated 100 pharmaceutical sales representatives. The goal of the program is for the pharmaceutical sales representatives to visit the offices of every doctor in the United States and to give them several samples of both drugs. As of 2008 there were 661,400 doctors in the United States (Bls, 2011). The purpose of the initiative is to create brand awareness of the firm’s products and to provide a personalized customer service to the doctors that prescribe the drugs. The cost to implement the plan is illustrated below: total employees 5000 Total hours elapse (6m) 1039 Total man hours 5,195,000 Labor cost per hour $15 Project cost $77,925,000 After the completion of the six months the company will not have to pay anymore the pharmaceutical sales representatives because their contracts will end and the company will no longer need their services. Due to the high implementation costs of the plan the company could divide the visiting doctor project in two years. The project after six months or lower and $38 million in spending would become inactive. The following fiscal year the company would fund the additional $38 million to complete the project. The company will also target the end user of the medicine, the patient. The company must increase its marketing budget a lo t in 2012. The firm’s marketing budget must be at least twice of its 2010 spending. An effective branding strategy requires a high capital investment. The firm should create a new advertising campaign to be launched on Christmas day. The commercial will be launched simultaneously on the written press, television, radio, and the internet. The written press commercial will be a reanimation of the commercial in cartoon format. The radio commercial will provide the same audio as the television commercial. The television and internet commercial are identical. The total elapse time of the commercial will be 15 seconds. The advertising campaign will be run on television and radio for 30 days. The written press will have the commercial on for a period of 30 days with an offering of the commercial once a week. The internet campaigns will be ran for 90 days. The reason the internet campaign will be run longer is due to the lower cost of internet commercials. The total budget for the pr oject is $2,000,000 million. The organization will use additional campaigns in order to raise the brand value of the firm. One of the technological tools that will be used to target specific customer profiles is the use of cellular technology advertisement. One of the advantages of cellular advertisement is that the entire population of targeted customers receives the message into their phones simultaneously. Due to the graphic and online capabilities of smartphones the company could design very appealing commercials. The commercial length should not exceed 15

Proposal For 2020 World's Fair Theme Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal For 2020 World's Fair Theme - Term Paper Example After every five years, World Expos is carried out for about six months and attracts millions of guests. Sources indicate that among countries that placed their bids to host the 2020 World Expo such as Dubai, Russia, Turkey, Brazil, United Arab Emirates, and Thailand, Dubai has the best chances of winning the bid (Sukhdey 75). This is because Dubai’s bid is the best funded and the most ambitious plan that will change totally vacant desert regions to oasis. Dubai has also spent a lot of money to corral talent from all over the world to plan for its bid. The information in this proposal is need because it details the theme of the 2020 World Expo: â€Å"Connecting Minds, Creating the Future.† The proposal also indicates how beneficial the 2020 World Expo will be to Dubai. This proposal specific information about the 2020 World Expo, some of which include the location of the Exposition, the theme of the exposition, the current situation of the World Expo and the benefits of the Exposition, how the theme will appeal to the public, and how the theme will be evident in the fair. The International Exhibitions Bureau has evaluated the potential of Dubai to host the 2020 World Fair under the theme â€Å"Connecting Minds, Creating the Future†. This theme is very relevant to the current world’s situation and economic realities. This theme will enable the city to move ahead in terms of infrastructure, growth, and connectivity. The entire world will obviously benefit from the result of the Exposition. This is because in the whole history of the World Fair, structures that later become iconic symbols in the host cities are constructed. For example the 1992 Space Needle in Seattle and the 1889 Eiffel Tower (Sukhdey 79). The 2020 World’s Fair Theme will be evident at the fair itself due to the exhibits that will be available. Due to the location, the

Understanding the Importance of Education Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Importance of Education Essay â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† ― Nelson Mandela Education is one of the important processes in human life that people tend to through so as to pursue their long term dreams. In today’s world, education is believed to be the power for it is the process that makes good men out of nothing. The world can only come into civilization with education of which without it, all the activities taking place in the world can stagnate as there are no educated and skilled personnel to manage them. In the American history Education is recognized as an extremely important process as they also believe that it is through education that their country or states can gain political social and economic stability. This made education be referred to as the power due to the fact that it forms the basis of any good thing in the American history. Due to this significance that education has to the lives of people, very many strategies have been put forward to boost this process so as to continue serving many people. How do we approach our country’s economic instability by understanding the importance of the education? Education lays a good platform in everyone’s life. Learning is the key word of everyone’s life until the death. Learning does not mean to be to going to school. If a person realizes the importance of learning that is also called learning. In my life learning was started in many ways and interpreted in many ways. At my sixteenth birthday, I realized I did not learn anything so far. So the intuition of learning desire was started after I met my science teacher in my high school. He was a fantastic teacher and mentor. He said many times to me about higher education. It is always true sixteen to nineteen years of age is decidedly unambitious for thinking of a future. Many times my father preached about education to me. Here is the some example of my father’s preaches, â€Å"Education will help you grow as an individual because the more knowledge you have the better understanding you will have in any given problem that will come your way. It will give you self-satisfaction and will boost your self-confidence†. As an individual, I know it will help me in a lot of aspects in my life. It will give me financial stability because I will be able to land a good job and a high paying salary. I will learn how to spend my money and will learn how to invest it wisely. The more education I have the more respect and acknowledgement I will get from people. Knowledge is terribly paramount that is why we need to take it seriously. It is the strong weapon you can have to conquer this complex world. If you have a good education nobody can fool you and you will not tolerate any mistreatment from people. It will give you better views in life if you are well educated. In the social aspect of my life education will give me a better understanding on how to communicate to people effectively. I will understand what is happening around me. For example, voting, I will have enough knowledge to carefully choose the candidate I will vote for. I will know what to consider in choosing the right candidate to serve and protect our country. I will be able to understand the social issues that our country is facing and will be capable to help in my own little way. However, it is apparent in this competitive world that most of the successful person have the proper education especially the higher position in society they have proved that education will give you the edge in life. Thus education is as valuable as the air we breathe. It is the most vital possession a person must have. Education is beneficial in many aspect of life especially, personal and social it is the only possession that cannot be taken away from you. Education is beneficial because it will open up the windows of opportunities. In this competitive world having a good education is as valuable as the air we breathe because it is our weapon to conquer the world. Education is supremely essential especially in today’s society. It gives you the windows of opportunities and to pursue your dream. It will not only make you a better person, but it will also give you a better life. I believe that education should be taken seriously because it is our only weapon to conquer the world. World will be a better place if people are well educated in this competitive world that most of the successful person have the proper education especially the higher position in society they have proved that education will give you the edge in life.

Hemp Legalization Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Drug Essays

Hemp Legalization THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT The purpose of this report is to show the need to reform the present marijuana/hemp law in the United States in order to make hemp available for industrial purposes. The first thing that I will do is define marijuana and hemp in order to avoid confusion. An explanation of how the present marijuana/hemp law originated will be given after that. Then I will define and describe the present law concerning marijuana and hemp. I will then define the specific aspect of the marijuana/hemp law that I feel needs to be changed. Some industrial and environmental needs will then be listed. I will then demonstrate how the industrial and environmental needs of the United States can be fulfilled. THE DEFINITIONS OF MARIJUANA AND HEMP There is a large amount of confusion about the distinction between marijuana and hemp. Hemp is an actual plant that was originally located in Asia. It can be used for many purposes. The hemp plant is most commonly used for extraction of the drug marijuana. Marijuana is a drug obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of the hemp plant. It is a drug with hallucinogenic properties that people smoke in order to get high (www.encyclopedia.com). HOW THE PRESENT MARIJUANA LAW ORIGINATED The technical name of the present law outlawing marijuana is the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. It originated in a very corrupt manner. Before the drug of marijuana was common, the hemp plant was used for industrial purposes on a small scale. The production of products with hemp was still a new process, and the process didn?t get a chance to fully develop before the hemp plant became illegal. The drug of marijuana first earned its reputation as an intoxicant in the... ...es, or they should start over and write a new law. The changes should be made because of the things that I discussed in this report: the law was passed under corrupt circumstances, the product of hemp is not being used for industrial purposes, and hemp is a very environment friendly product. Works Cited Gochmanosky, Nicole. "Hemp/Marijuana Legalization-Its Time Has Come." 27 Oct 1999. 2 pp. Available www: http://www.sandi.net Scotty J. "Legalize." 29 Nov 1999. 1 pp. Available www: http://www.legalize.com "Marijuana Tax Act of 1937." 27 Oct 1999. 1 pp. Available www: http://www.altereduniv.com "Marijuana." 27 Nov 1999. 1 pp. Available www: http://www.encyclopedia.com "Reefer Madness." 27 Oct 1999. 1 pp. Available www: http://www.dvddiscounts.com "Still Crazy After All These Years." 27 Oct 1999. 4 pp. Available www: http://www.norml.org

Reducing The Number Of People Living In Absolute Poverty

Absolute poverty measures the number of people living below a certain income threshold or the number of households unable to afford certain basic goods and services. Much of the poverty in developing countries, such as South Africa, tends to be absolute poverty. Economic growth can be defined as steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy.Short term growth is measured by the annual percentage change in real national output, which is affected by shifts in short run aggregate supply curve (SRAS), whilst long term growth is shown by the increased in potential growth can is illustrated by an outward shift in a country's long run aggregate supply curve (LRAS). Whilst a rise in real GDP can lift millions of people out of absolute poverty, a reduction in the number of people living in absolute poverty can help to achieve economic development. In order to reduce the number of people living in absolute poverty, they would have to get jobs in order to gain a living.This means that people would have more disposable income, thus increasing consumption which is a factor of aggregate demand and would therefore shift the aggregate demand curve to the right, causing economic development. This would also mean that the government would also have more money which can be used to invest in education and training or other forms of spending. A lack of education and training is what keeps people in absolute poverty as it prevents them from getting jobs and moving up, however, if education and training were to increase, more people would be getting jobs, thus increasing real GDP whilst resulting in economic growth.Furthermore, government spending is also a component of the aggregate demand formula and therefore an increase in that would result in an increase in aggregate demand, thus causing an outward shift in the SRAS whig would eventually result in economic development. Gold and diamond are the major exports from South Africa although agricultural products are also expor ted. If the government were to spend their money on training in mining, those who were living in absolute poverty could get jobs as miners and not only wouldthis increase the real GDP of South Africa, but it would also increase exports which is another component on aggregate demand, thus again resulting in economic development. South Africa has debts similar to many other developing countries which are burdened with international debt which they cannot afford to pay and which acts as a constraint to economic development. However, if there was a reduction in the number of people living in absolute poverty in South Africa, the government would have more money to repay their debts.Poor infrastructure make it difficult for a country to attract foreign and domestic investment thus providing a constraint on long term growth potential. The government could also invest the money which would have originally gone towards those in absolute poverty in infrastructure and healthcare. Better healt hcare would mean that South Africa would have a more reliable workforce and an improvement in infrastructure would mean that workers would be getting to work on time and it would be easier to travel.These are qualities which attract foreign and domestic investment; this would result in more jobs available, thus increasing employment as well as the real GDP of South Africa. Corruption and poor governance is one of the causes of absolute poverty, however, it is also a significant factor for a constraint on economic growth. High levels of deeply embedded corruption and bureaucratic delays can harm growth in many ways for example inhibiting inward investment and also making it more likely that domestic businesses will invest overseas rather than at home.Governments need a stable and effective legal framework to collect taxes to pay for public services. However, in order to reduce the number of people living in absolute poverty, corruption would have be to decreased, thus resulting in ec onomic development. Many poor countries have governments which are not democratically elected. Countries such as South Africa tend to spend money raised through taxation unwisely leading to government failure and thus find it difficult to attract FDI. However, a correction in corruption and poor governance would mean that South Africa may be able attract FDI, thus increasing the real GDP and resulting ineconomic development. South Africa is a primary-sector economy, which produces gold and agricultural goods and is therefore primarily product dependent. Primary product dependency is a constraint on economic development. The dependency makes South Africa very vulnerable in the event of natural disasters. Furthermore, downward price fluctuations caused by exchange rate movements or variable harvests can have a devastating impact due to the low price elasticity of demand for primary products.Moreover, the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis claims that countries that specialise in primary produ cts, such as South Africa, face declining terms of trade within time. This is because prices of primary products have declined over the long term due to increases in productivity in agriculture and less demand for other commodities. In addition, as the country gets richer over time dmand for secondary and tertiary products increases whilst demand for primary prices rises by only a little due to its low income elasticity of demand.As a result, prices of manufactured goods and services rise relative to prices of primary products. This means that the country which is specialising in primary products experience declining terms of trade as the income they receive from their exports buys fewer imports over time. However, investment in education and training as well as FDI in South Africa would mean that it would not be such a subsistence economy. Many sub-Saharan economies, such as South Africa, are severely affected by droughts followed by flooding, making it difficult to establish any i ndustry and attract any foreign direct investment.However, if there is a decrease in the number of people who need aid and support, the money raised by charities and the money the government originally used to support those in absolute poverty could instead by used fix any damages caused by bad weather conditions which means that not only would the country come across as more appealing to FDI's, it would be easier to go crops, thus increasing exports and therefore leading to economic development as this results in an outward shift in the aggregate demand curve.To conclude, all the factors above depend on the number of people who are no longer in absolute poverty; the less people in absolute poverty in a country, the more economically developed the country is going to be and therefore it depends on the magnitude. Economic development is an increase in living standards which could be measured by an increase in income per capita, life expectancy and access to education and healthcare.D espite it being difficult to say whether a reduction in the number of people in absolute poverty would lead to economic growth because it is unknown whether that means that they would immediately get a job, thus increasing GDP, resulting in economic growth, it is safe to say it would lead to a rise in economic development as their living standards would increase as they are no longer living in absolute poverty and can therefore afford necessities.

Science Cass

For visually impaired students, a Science class could pose as a threat for them because of the different chemicals and many scientific apparatus that can physically harm them. Their functioning senses particularly their sense of touch might be impaired if scientific equipment are not properly positioned or arranged. I think the recommendations mentioned including the rearrangement of desks and maintaining a clutter-free class room were simple but doable. The first-hand experience of the teacher with a blind person gave the teacher an idea of how to make his or her class and the lay out of the room more sympathetic and sensitive to the special needs of visually impaired students.Response No. 2I think space is one of the major factors to consider when designing a classroom that would also accommodate visually impaired students. Having enough room would increase the mobility of visually impaired students and reduce the risks of being bumped into by other students or knocking off things. The suggestion of visually impaired students assisting their fellow students with assignments and interacting through board games are excellent opportunities to hone their social skills. However, these recommendations might not yield positive outcomes because there is always the possibility that other students might take advantage of their disabilities.Response No. 3To effectively draft plans according to the needs of visually impaired students, the nature and severity of their disability should be learned and considered.   The power of knowledge can make a huge difference. By simply knowing the gravity of the visually impaired students’ blindness, a teacher can be able to determine the necessary actions needed to be done to address their needs in a classroom environment.The needs of a severely blind person are different from the needs of a moderately blind person. By considering this, the resources of the school and the efforts of the teacher can be maximize that can yiel d productive results. More so, not only do visually impaired students benefits from this kind of set up but also normal students. The use of auditory-based resources and the adoption of descriptive-based teaching style can enhance a normal student’s creativity while a visually impaired student can have a productive experience in this kind of setting.Response No. 4I think technology have changed the way most people live in the modern age. One of the benefits of technology is its capability to be use as a device for teaching, in which had facilitated easy learning for many students. More so, the availability of advanced gadgets such as the computer program that can transform text into speech and computer had helped visually impaired students to cope up with class discussions and with the class course. Because of science and technology, students with disabilities specifically visually impaired can go through with their studies just like any other normal student. As a result, stu dents with visual impairments will reduce the chances developing low self-esteem or even have the feeling of being alienated.Response No. 5In order for students with disabilities to feel that they are part of a class, the teacher must get to know these students personally in order to determine their personality and expectations. By having a bond, teachers and visually impaired students can easily formulate together plans on how to make the class environment suitable for the students with disabilities and also the teacher can generate new methods or styles of teaching to fit the needs of these students. It is important to note the wants and needs of these special students because sometimes people tend to think that they know better but they do not that